Erkmen est un ingénieur qui se spécialise dans les communications optiques-les pointeur laser qui envoient des données d’un endroit à un autre. Au JPL, il a travaillé sur “l’optique de l’espace libre” qui a permis la communication avec la Station spatiale internationale. Et quand il l’a engagé, il s’est glissé dans un groupe de chercheurs construisant un système similaire pour l’expérience de ballon sauvagement ambitieux appelé Project Loon. Compte tenu de la nature de leur travail, le groupe a une chose pour le génie réel, la comédie Val Kilmer milieu des années 80 qui est tout au sujet de la construction de lasers ciel élevé. Erkmen n’avait jamais vu, donc l’équipe s’est assurée qu’il l’a fait. «C’était une sorte de mon initiation», dit-il.
A l’intérieur, Erkmen et ses coéquipiers construisent des équipements laser rouge capables de transmettre des données entre ces ballons à haute altitude. Le but est de construire un nouveau type de réseau informatique à 20 milles au-dessus de la terre – un réseau qui peut transmettre des signaux Internet de ballon à ballon, de sorte que chacun peut transmettre un signal sans fil aux téléphones ici-bas sur le terrain. Ce n’est pas une tâche facile. À certains égards, il est plus difficile que d’envoyer un signal entre les satellites et les stations spatiales parce que vous ne travaillez pas dans le vide de l’espace. Mais après trois ans de travail, dit Erkmen, c’est arrivé.
L’expérience a été une petite étape pour les comédies nerd des années 80, mais un pas important vers un monde où tout le monde a accès à Internet. Après ce test initial, il a effectué un test ultérieur pour envoyer des données entre des ballons à environ un gigabit par seconde, ou approximativement la vitesse des connexions fournit maintenant à certaines foyers aux États-Unis grâce à son service Fiber. Considérant que ces ballons doivent servir des milliers et des milliers de téléphones-pas une seule maison-la société doit aller encore plus vite encore. Mais le travail continue. Et juste en bas de l’autoroute à Menlo Park, en Californie, Facebook construit des technologies similaires – y compris les drones, les satellites et ses propres lasers – qui peuvent transmettre l’Internet aux régions du monde qui ne l’ont pas déjà.
Erkmen et son équipe travaillent à partir du nouveau laboratoire X sur San Antonio Road à Mountain View, en Californie. Dans une salle blanche située juste en bas du couloir, d’où d’autres perfectionnent les technologies pour les auto-conduire de l’entreprise, ils construisent à la fois les systèmes laser nécessaires à l’envoi des données et les systèmes de détection nécessaires pour le recevoir. Les lasers transmettent un faisceau de lumière (invisible) qui est environ le diamètre d’un baguette et doit être assez précis pour frapper une cible de 1,5 pouces qui est 62 miles loin. Ensuite, une série de miroirs supplémentaires et de lentilles de focaliser sur le récepteur de données, qui est d’une simple 60 microns de large, ou légèrement plus petit qu’un cheveu humain.
Tout cela signifie que l’installation nécessite également une deuxième génération de laser: un balisage les ballons briller les uns aux autres comme un moyen de lire les uns des autres position. La balise envoie un signal assez large, un peu comme le signal que votre télécommande envoie à votre télévision. Mais ce n’est qu’une façon de faire la queue des deux ballons afin qu’ils puissent viser le signal de données beaucoup plus ciblé directement à sa cible. «Ils se cherchent l’un l’autre et ils trouvent le faisceau laser bleu de l’autre et ils se verrouillent dessus», dit Erkmen.
Sur une si grande distance, c’est un processus délicat. Mais a montré que, dans de bonnes conditions au moins, il peut envoyer de manière fiable des données de cette manière. Erkmen compare cela à quelqu’un essayant de viser un pointeur laser à un endroit minuscule à travers la pièce. À partir de seulement 15 pieds, dit-il, c’est énormément difficile, et il devient d’autant plus que cette distance se développe. (Essayez-le un jour).
“Les types de précision que nous avons été en mesure d’atteindre”, Erkmen dit de travailler avec ses ballons, “sont équivalentes à la tenue d’un pointeur laser sur un grain de riz à travers un terrain de football … alors que vous êtes autour de se déplacer. “
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